The 15th generation ancestor scholar official.
- wongkwing
- Apr 13, 2021
- 16 min read
Updated: Jul 16, 2023
The detail information about the 15th generation ancestor Wong Hin Cheong (黄显章) who granted the title of associate metropolitan graduates (同进士出身). It is copied from the Chinese Ancient Books Database (古籍文献) of the National Library of China (中国国家图书馆).
(photo: ks yap)
The name, rank and birthplace are recorded on the Jinshi stele (进士题名碑). The 15th generation ancestor Wong Hin Cheong (黄显章), 79th in the third rank, Guangdong Xinhui (广东省新会县).
The imperial examination system (科举) in the Qing Dynasty.
The imperial examination (科举) in the Qing Dynasty consist of country level, provincial level and 2 national level examinations.
In the imperial examination system (科举) of the Qing Dynasty, the main examinations are divided into four levels:
1. Prefectural Examination (院试): Also called "Apprentice Examination" (童试), a county level examination conducted in a hall or courtyard of a local government office every year. After being qualified, he becomes a shengyuan (生员) or xiucai (秀才).
2. Provincial Examination (乡试): An examination held in each province Examination Hall "gongyuan" ( 贡院) and capital Examination Hall "gongyuan" ( 贡院) every three years in autumn August. The examination was organized in three sessions. The chief examiner (主考官) was appointed by the emperor. Graduates were called candidates (for the metropolitan exam) "juren" (举人).
3. Metropolitan Examination (会试): An examination is held in the capital Examination Hall "gongyuan" (贡院) every three years in the spring. The examination was organized by the Ministry of Rites (礼部) and in three sessions. Graduates were given the title of passed scholar "gongshi" (贡士).
4. Palace Examination (殿试): The highest level examination held in the palace (殿廷). Graduates are given into three ranks: The first rank (⼀甲) granted the title of metropolitan graduate with honours (进士及第), was given to only three graduates. First is called zhuangyuan (状元), second is called bangyan (榜眼) and third is called tanhua (探花). The second rank (二甲) granted the title of regular metropolitan graduates (进士出身). The third rank (三甲) granted the title of associate metropolitan graduates (同进士出身).
Source: University of California, Los Angeles - East Asian Library (Request number: JQ 1512 Z13E8725 Ser. 1 Pt. 4 1796）/ Hui Shih Chih Lu (嘉庆元年丙辰恩科会试齿录).
Documented in the Hui Shih Chih Lu (嘉庆元年丙辰恩科会试齿录)
The 15th generation ancestor Wong Hin Cheong (黄显章), graduated as the 50th candidates "juren" (举人) in 1788, the 53rd Year of Emperor Qianlong (戊申) Provincial Examination. Student "zengsheng" (增生) from Xinhui County School (新会县学).
The 150th passed scholar "gongshi" (贡士) in Metropolitan Examination (会试) in 1796.
The third rank (三甲) 79th associate metropolitan graduates (同进士出身) in Palace Examination (殿试)
Source: National Library of China - Chinese Ancient Books Database (Request number: 地330.113/36）/ 新会县志，林星章，清道光21年[1841]
The location of " Xinhui County School " (新会县学) in Xinhui County (新会县城) in the above map of the 21 year of Emperor Daoguang (道光) in the Qing Dynasty (1841) as recorded in "Xinhui Local Chronicles, Volume 1, illustration 2" (新会县志 卷一 图说 二)
It was founded in the fourth year of the Qingli era of the Northern Song Dynasty (北宋庆历四年) (1044). Emperor Renzong of Song (宋仁宗) ordered the establishment of local schools in prefectures and counties. In Guangzhou Prefecture (广州府), a prefectural school (州学) was set up. Following the decree, Xinhui County (新会县), which was thriving at that time, also established a county school (县学). The educational institution was constructed on the western side of Mashan (马山) in the northeast of the county seat, in the Xuanhua (宣化坊) neighborhood.
The Xinhui County School (新会学宫) was once destroyed in the early Yuan Dynasty due to warfare, but it was rebuilt in the third year of the Hongwu reign of the Ming Dynasty (明洪武三年) (1370). Several county officials during the Ming and Qing Dynasties attached great importance to the county school and carried out multiple repairs and expansions of the school palace. They added buildings such as the Jingyi Pavilion (敬一亭), Qisheng Temple (启圣公祠), Zunjing Ge (尊经阁), a ten-thousand-ren wall (万仞宫墙), Wenxian Fang (文献坊), and Panshui Bridge (泮水桥) as auxiliary structures. In the nineteenth year of the Daoguang reign of the Qing Dynasty (清道光十九年) (1839), the County School (学宫) was rebuilt, reaching its largest scale in history. To the east, there were famous official shrines (名宦祠) and filial piety temples (忠孝祠), while to the west, there was a shrine for local scholars and virtuous individuals (乡贤祠).
In the twenty-eighth year of the Republic of China (民国二十八年) (1939), it suffered devastating destruction by the Japanese invaders, and only a few structures remained, including the Lingxing Gate (棂星门), Hualong Bridge (化龙桥), Panyue Pond (泮月池), and the Dacheng Hall (大成殿).
In 1956, the Dacheng Gate (大成门), Zunjing Ge (尊经阁), and surrounding auxiliary buildings were reconstructed and enclosed around the Dacheng Hall (大成殿), which still exists today. It currently serves as the location of the Xinhui Museum (新会博物馆).
Source: National Library of China - Chinese Ancient Books Database (Request number: 地330/36.1）/ 广东通志，阮元，清同治3年[1864]
Documented in the 3rd year of Emperor Tongzhi (同治) 1864 edition"Guangdong Local Chronicles, Volume 81, Imperial Examination List 19/14" (广东通志卷八十⼀选举表十九/十四) recorded：
The 15th generation ancestor Wong Hin Cheong (黄显章), graduated as candidates "juren" (举人) at Guangzhou (广州府) in 1788 (44 years old), the 53rd Year of Emperor Qianlong (戊申).
Provincial examination administer (乡试监臨) is provincial governor "xunfu" (巡撫) 图萨布, Principal Examiner is Expositor-in-waiting "shijiang"(侍讲)茅元路, Deputy Examiner is Director of Studies "siye"(司业) 纳麟宝.
A total of 75 provincial graduate Juren (举人). 37 graduates from prefectures of Guangzhou (广州府) , 2 graduates from Shaozhou (韶州府), 3 graduates from Huizhou (惠州府),10 graduates from Chaozhou (潮州府), 7 graduates from Zhaoqing (肇庆府), 2 graduates from Gaozhou (高州府), 2 graduates from Lianzhou (亷州府), 1 graduate from Qiongzhou (瓊州府), 7 graduates from Jiazhou (嘉州府), 4 graduates from prefectures of Shuntin, Beijing (顺天府).
The top is granted title of provincial examination graduate with highest honours "jieyuan" (解元), 梁有源 from Kaiping (开平人).
《文乡试录乾隆五十三年戊申科 七》recorded：
The 53rd Year of Emperor Qianlong 1788 (戊申) Provincial Examination Record
The top Provincial Examination (乡试) graduate with highest honours 解元: 梁有源 from "zhaoqing" (肇府) "fusheng" (附生)
A total of 71 provincial graduates Juren (举人)，14 provincial graduates on the addenda list (副榜)
Principal Examiner: 茅元路, Deputy Examiner: 纳麟宝
50th, Wong Hin Cheong (黄显章), Xinhui (新会), "zengsheng" (增生)
Source: National Library of China - Chinese Ancient Books Database (Request number: 地330.11/139）/ 广州府志，戴肇辰，清光緒5年[1879]
《广州府志 卷八 / 三》
Guangdong Examination Hall "gongyuan" (广东贡院)
The location of the examination hall "gongyuan" (贡院) on the map of Guangzhou in the 5th Years of Emperor Guangxu (光绪) 1879.
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Guangdong Examination Hall "gongyuan" (广东贡院) was a place where students from all over Guangdong taking the Provincial Examination (乡试). Guangdong Examination Hall "gongyuan" (广东贡院) was built in the 33rd year of Emperor Kangxi (康熙) 1684. There is Mingyuan Building 明远楼 (commonly known as the "Red House" 红楼), one of its important functions of the building is for the invigilator to monitor the entire examination hall from a high place. The building faces south and covers an area of about 250 square meters. On the left and right sides of the red building are densely packed rooms (号舍) (individual room for candidate to take exams and accommodation). It is said that Huang Zunxian 黄遵宪 (Juren) in 1876 and Liang Qichao 梁启超 (Juren in Guangdong Provincial Examination in 1889, Xinhui) had both participated in the Provincial examination (乡试) in the hall. The 15th generation ancestor Wong Xin Cheong (黄显章), was in Guangdong Examination Hall "gongyuan" (广东贡院) for the Provincial examination (乡试) in 1788.
Source: National Library of China - Chinese Ancient Books Database (Request number: 地330.11/139）/ 广州府志，戴肇辰，清光緒5年[1879]
《广州府志 卷八 / 三》
The floor plan of the Guangdong Examination Hall "gongyuan" (贡院) (1879).
According to "Guangdong Local Chronicles", during the Kangxi (康熙) period, there were 5,000 individual rooms or cells (号舍) on the east and west sides of the examination hall "gongyuan"(贡院). In the 22nd year of Emperor Daoguang (道光) (1842), the number of individual rooms or cells reached more than 8,000. In the eleventh year of Emperor Xianfeng (咸丰) (1861), after the new Examination Hall "gongyuan"(贡院) was completed, there were 8154 individual rooms or cells. In October of that year, the Xinyou (辛酉) Provincial Examination (乡试) was held, and the Wuwu (戊午) supplementary Provincial Examination (乡试) was conducted. A total of 160 students were graduated.
Source: Wikimedia Commons / Artists/Makers: Unknown / Date: 1902
The dragon gate (龙门) of Guangdong Examination Hall "gongyuan" (广东贡院).
Source: J. Paul Getty Museum (Object Number: 84.XA.755.7.174) / Artists/Makers: Unknown / Date: 1870–1890
Guangdong Examination Hall "gongyuan"(广东贡院), with Mingyuan Building(明远楼) in the middle, and rooms or cells (号舍) on both sides.
Source: J. Paul Getty Museum (Object Number: 84.XC.759.30.27) / Artists/Makers: Pierre Joseph Rossier(Swiss, 1829 - about 1883) & Negretti & Zambra(British, active 1850 - 1899) / Date: 1858–1859
The rooms or cells (号舍) neatly arranged in the Guangdong Examination Hall "gongyuan" (广东贡院). Each room has a depth of 4 feet and a width of 3 feet. There are two built-in wooden boards. The taller one is a table and the lower one is a bench. The two boards are combined to form a bed. Now the only remaining Mingyuan Building (明远楼)"red building" is in Longtengli (龙腾里) on Dezheng Road (德政路).
A street view taken from Baidu map showing the Mingyuan Building (明远楼).
Route to Beijing:
Route Map to Beijing (Based on 《公车见闻录》 by 林伯桐):
During the Qing Dynasty, there were two main routes from Guangzhou City (广州城) to Beijing (北京）: the Eastern Route and the Western Route.
The Eastern Route further divided into three routes.
沙井路
长江路（大江路）
中江路（浙河路）
The Western Route further divided into two routes.。
汉口路
樊城路（西大路）
Beijing Forbidden City-the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿)
Emperor Shunzhi (顺治帝) and Emperor Kangxi (康熙帝) of Qing Dynasty once lived in the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿). In the fifty-fourth year of Emperor Qianlong (乾隆) 1789, the place of the palace examination (殿试) was moved from the Hall of Supreme Harmony (太和殿) to the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿). The 15th generation ancestor Wong Hin Cheong 黄显章, participated the palace examination (殿试) in the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿) in the first year of Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) 1796 (52 years old).
Source: Deutsch:photo from Ein Tagebuch in Bildern（Wikimedia Commons) / Artists/Makers: Alfons von Mumm / Date: 1902
Page 72 from Link Below:
From south to north are:
The Meridian Gate (午门),
The Gate of Supreme Harmony (太和门),
The Three Great Halls of the Outer Dynasty (The Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿, The Hall of Central Harmony 中和殿, and The Hall of Preserving Harmony 保和殿),
The Gate of Heavenly Purity (乾清门),
The Third Palace of the Inner Court (The Palace of Heavenly Purity 乾清宫, The Hall of Union and Peace 交泰殿, The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫) ,
The Gate of Earthly Tranquility (坤宁门),
The Gate of Davine Prowess (神武门).
The red square is the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿).
The list of examiners for the Metropolitan Examination (会试) in 1796.
According to the official imperial chronicles of the Jiaqing Era (嘉庆朝) in the Qing Dynasty (清实录嘉庆朝实录), the process of the metropolitan examinations (会试) and palace examinations (殿试) in the first year of Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) 1796 are as follow:
April 13, 1796 (Wednesday) Chinese calendar 嘉庆元年。丙辰。三月。壬子
Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) appoints the chief examiner "zhi gongju" (知贡举), principal and deputy examiner (正副考官).
May 6, 1796 (Friday) Chinese calendar 乙亥
A total of 142 passed scholar "gongshi" (贡士) were graduated in Metropolitan Examination (会试). (The number of guaduates in the Qing Dynasty is variable. The metropolitan examination (会试) was conducted in the Qianbu Gallery (千步廊朝房) on the east side of the Daqing Gate (大清门).)
May 26, 1796 (Thursday) Chinese calendar 嘉庆元年。丙辰。夏。四月。乙未
Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) appointed palace examiners (读卷官) for the palace examination (殿试).
May 27, 1796 (Friday) Chinese calendar 丙申
Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) held the palace examination at the Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿) , with a total of 148 passed scholar "gongshi" (贡士). The palace examination (殿试) focus on "cewen" (策问) asks questions about current affairs and government affairs. (The palace exam (殿试) is also called the court exam (廷试), which is an examination for ranking Jinshi (进士).)
May 30, 1796 (Monday) Chinese calendar 己亥
Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) summoned the palace examiners (读卷官) in Palace of Heavenly Purity (乾清宫). The palace examiners (读卷官) submitted the top ten examination papers, and the emperor personally determined the ranking.
May 31, 1796 (Tuesday) Chinese calendar 庚子
At the Hall of Supreme Harmony (太和殿) announce the list to ranking of Jinshi (进士). The top graduate zhuangyuan (状元), is Zhao Wenkai (赵文楷). The first rank (⼀甲) with 3 graduates granted the title of metropolitan graduate with honours (进士及第), The second rank (二甲) with 40 graduates granted the title of regular metropolitan graduates (进士出身). The third rank (三甲) with 101 graduates granted the title of associate metropolitan graduates (同进士出身).
June 7, 1796 (Tuesday) Chinese calendar 嘉庆元年。丙辰。五月。丁未
Appointment of the first rank (⼀甲) graduates, the top scholar was appointed to the Hanlin Academy (翰林院) for senior compilers "xiuzhuan"( 修撰). The second place (榜眼) and third place (探花) in the rankings were appointed to Hanlin Academy (翰林院) for junior compilers "bianxiu" (編修).
June 8, 1796 (Wednesday) Chinese calendar 戊申
All the other Jinshi (进士) were introduced to Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) and the second rank and third rank were appointed to an office. 25 graduates were appointed as Hanlin bachelor (shujishi 翰林院庶吉士). 28 graduates were appointed as Secretary of Six Ministries (zhushi 主事) 分部学习. 26 graduates were appointed as Secretary of the Cabinet (zhongshu 中书) 内阁中书. 8 graduates were appointed as District magistrates (zhixian 知县). 10 graduates were appointed as Imperial college 国子监 instructor second class (xuezheng 学正) provost (xuelu 学录). 44 graduates to be appointed by the board of civil appointment (吏部归班铨选归).
The following is the detail documentary record of "the official imperial chronicles of the Jiaqing Era (嘉庆朝) in the Qing Dynasty" (清实录嘉庆朝实录)
《嘉庆元年。丙辰。三月。壬子。以礼部左侍郎铁保、吏部左侍郎沈初。知贡举。礼部尚书纪昀、为会试正考官。都察院左都御史金士松、兵部右侍郎李潢。为副考官。》
《乙亥。礼部以会试中额请。得旨。满洲取中四名。蒙古取中一名。汉军取中二名。直隶取中十六名。奉天取中一名。山东取中十一名。山西取中七名。河南取中七名。陕甘取中五名。江苏取 中十五名。安徽取中九名。浙江取中十六名。江西取中十五名。湖北取中五名。湖南取中五名。福建取中七名。广东取中一名。广西取中三名。四川取中五名。贵州取中三名。云南取中四 名。》
《嘉庆元年。丙辰。夏。四月。乙未。以大学士和珅、吏部尚书刘墉、户部尚书董诰、工部尚书彭元瑞、吏部左侍郎沈初、右侍郎胡高望、兵部左侍郎玉保、内阁学士吴省兰、为殿试读卷 官。》
《丙申。策试天下贡士袁櫆等一百四十八人于保和殿。 制曰、懿惟凝庥集祜。长治久安。在乎夙夜宥密。单心基命。朕仰承昊苍眷佑。抚驭寰宇。幸臻宁谧康乂之庥。夕惕朝乾。不敢暇逸。勉思法⼀中之运量。考三古之规模。兆民遵正直之涂。五 材归化裁之用。克与垓埏瀛嶂。偕之大道。兹以敷奏为明试。爰举胪询。 人心道心。肈阐虞廷。帝王所以与天下相见者心也。书所谓享天心。肩⼀心。洽民心。盖彻上下之义也。心之用主乎敬。尧典⼀一篇。始终皆曰钦。即至于元首股肱。喜起赓歌。而尤勖以钦。乃 传心之功效也。经训之粹。足相证明者何语。伏羲以前尚矣。文子有神农之法。新书有神农之教。诸家言黄帝者更详。若颛顼敬胜义胜之训。帝喾博爱博利之文。载籍微言。稽唐虞三代而上者 可举欤。大戴礼武王诸铭。能约其词欤。后世若帝范、帝学、心经、政经。亦有合欤。凡皆帝学心传所宜沿溯也。 周书曰、政贵有恒。记曰、五帝殊时不相沿乐三王异世不相袭礼。盖治道有定而不可泥者也。然其得失可得而言。井田封建。古以为大经大法。然而汉起七国。唐限名田。踵而行之。如棼丝 矣。战之以车也。泉之以刀也。税之以绢也。后世断不可行。无论得失矣。周昉六官。唐沿六典。今犹其职。而掌隶分合。品秩崇卑。考课疏密皆殊。轩画万井。舜区九州。今更扩之。而疆宇 襟带。控制沿革每异。它若刑法食货兵戎礼乐。史迁之书。列史之志。旁及政书。如会要典章会典所厘具者。能原本权衡言之与。 司徒修六礼明七教。凡以节民性兴民德也。礼坊记数千百言。皆以坊民而已故周礼有禁虣之官。王制严左道之律。道政齐刑。三代不废。孔子云、民可使由。不可使知。使由者何途。不使知者 何道。先圣名言。必有奥旨。今未尝不禁奇衺、而诳疑未尽泯。未尝不严保甲。而奉行未尽善。蠲贷普、而民或未尽厚生。教诫谆、而民或未尽正德。至于吏为民父母。而富教非由科条。士为 民表率。而跅弛无由观感。欲使道德⼀一而风俗同。诸生来自田闲。宜有闻见。 兵所以威天下。实所以安天下。田乘邱甲。非如古之制也。步伐止齐。非如古之法也。汉之南北军。唐之府兵彍骑。宋之更调。明之团营。与今之制孰善。钱文子之补汉兵志。宋之武经总要。 明之纪效新书。与今之法孰详。要所以奏肤公而成伟绩者。练其技、则精而不茶。鼓其气。则作而不竭。实其籍、则不虞冗且浮。明其赏罚。则不至窳且怠。古之善将将者。孰能得此意。易 曰、师出以律。孔子曰、我战则克。其以此欤。 凡此者。式于古训。而时几精一传其学。监于成宪。而因革损益合其宜。民安于日用饮食。而遵路之俗成。士忘乎智名勇功。而知方之风劝。治道祎而协气蒸。其必有所由致。循是以观厥成。 曷敢不亹。维尔修于家。扬于庭。毋隐毋肤。朕将亲第焉。》
《己亥。御乾清宫。召读卷官入。亲阅定进呈十卷甲第。》
《庚子。上御太和殿传胪。赐⼀甲赵文楷、汪守和、帅承瀛三人、进士及第。二甲戴殿泗等四十人、进士出身。三甲邱超等⼀百⼀人、同进士出身。》
《嘉庆元年。丙辰。五月。丁未。授⼀甲一名进士赵文楷、为翰林院修撰。二名进士汪守和、三名进士帅承瀛、为翰林院编修。》
《戊申。引见新科进士。得旨、一甲三名赵文楷、汪守和、帅承瀛、业经授职外。戴殿泗、李锡恭、王鼎、吴拜庆、张锦枝、许应喈、陆以庄、黄焜望、秦渊、赵慎畛、汪德钺、靳文锐、邱 勋、沈学厚、陈兰畴、蔡维钰、陆泌、石时榘、那尔丰阿、韩克均、李可端、李华庭、邱立和、刘氵□署、严烺著改为翰林院庶吉士。慕鏊、赵麟、陈鹤、黄跃之、龚丽正、张文靖、李培元、 林绍光、李林松、吴应咸、史祐、鹿维基、祁<土贡>、杨健、刘名载、袁櫆、郑鹏程、周宏纲、王敬之、周泰元、成格、程体常、扎兰泰、刘玉湛、刘<山贡>、徐维城、张大维、胡万青、 著分部学习。吴光悦、韩抡衡、周之域、董彩凤、桂龄、蔡炯、颜允灿、许庭椿、李于培、王恩注、俞日灴、萧德充、姚学塽、杨中龙、姚逵、杨廷琮、谭元、程俊、丁玉寿、董义、何允徽、 珠隆阿、曾宝光、蔡毓琳、常泰、觉罗清昌、著以内阁中书用。黎承惠、曹松篁、鄂山、靳金鼎、来珩、崔本、谭兆燕、徐云龙、著以知县即用。胡本渊、郎汝琛、万世发、陈毓咸、贾名伸、 程健学、辛绍业、杨尚琳、谭景韩、郭龙光、著以国子监学正学录用。余著归班铨选。》
The 15th generation ancestor Wong Hin Cheong (黄显章) participated in the palace examination (殿试) in the first year of Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆). The above picture, taken from the Internet, is the examination paper (状元卷) for the top graduate zhuangyuan (状元) Zhao Wenkai (赵文楷) (34 years old) who participated in the palace examination in the same year. The late Chairman of the Chinese Buddhist Association, Mr. Zhao Puchu (赵朴初) (1907-2000), was the fifth generation grandson of Zhao Wenkai (赵文楷).
四书义 虽曰未学，吾必谓之学矣。 莫见乎隐，莫显乎微。 不愆不忘，率由旧章。
There were six government agencies in the Qing Dynasty, called the Six Ministries (六部):
Ministry of Personnel (吏部)
Ministry of Finance (户部)
Ministry of Rites (礼部)
Ministry of War (兵部)
Ministry of Justice (刑部)
Ministry of Work (工部)
Beijing Imperial college "guozijian" (國子監) Confucian Temple (孔庙)
Beijing Guozijian (國子監) was the highest administrative unit for all education institutions in the Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, and the highest school established by the state. There are a total of 198 Jinshi steles (进士题名碑) in the Confucius Temple (孔庙). Among them are 3 in Yuan Dynasty, 77 in Ming Dynasty, and 118 in Qing Dynasty. The names, ranks and hometowns of all the scholars are engraved on the tablets.
Source: Deutsch:photo from Ein Tagebuch in Bildern（Wikimedia Commons) / Artists/Makers: Alfons von Mumm / Date: 1902
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Jinshi scholars steles (进士题名碑)
This is the Jinshi stele of the first year of Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) 1796 in the Qing Dynasty. The Jinshi stele consists of the body (碑身) of the stele and the base is a rectangular pedestal (碑座). The body of the stele is divided into three parts. The top part is title of the stele written the year of the examination "Bingchen timing bei" (丙辰科题名碑) , followed by the edict from the Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆). The third part engraves the list of all the scholars Jinshi (进士) according to the ranks. This stele was funded by the Ministry of Rites (礼部).
(photo: kc wong)
The Jinshi stele (进士题名碑) was erected in September of the first year of Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) in the Qing Dynasty (1796).
The Jinshi stele (进士题名碑) for the first year of Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) in Qing Dynasty is now number 153, . You can't enter the Jinshi steles area now, you can only watch from a distance.
The Jinshi tablet (进士题名碑) was erected in the Beijing Confucian Temple (孔庙) in September 1796, the first year of Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) in Qing Dynasty.
Rubbings of the Jinshi stele. The 15th generation ancestor Wong Xin Cheong (黄显章) name was engraved at the last second row left side, 79th in the third rank (三甲).
In early April 1997, visited the Confucius Temple (孔庙) in Beijing and obtained the rubbings of "Jinshi stele of the first year of Emperor Jiaqing (嘉庆) 1796 in the Qing Dynasty". At that time, limited number of rubbings make per year was allowed, the cost was ¥500. The size of the rubbing is 156x77 cm.
The title of the stele written the year of the examination "Bingchen timing bei" (丙辰科题名碑) in Seal script (篆書).
Rubbings of the title of Jinshi stele (進士題名碑) , size: 28x28 cm. The picture is taken from the National Digital Library of China.
"The Great Learning"(大学) stele
The stele was erected in the Beijing Confucian Temple (孔庙) in the 33th year of Emperor Kangxi (康熙) 1694 in the Qing Dynasty.
"Great Learning"(大学) is an essay on the Confucian thought of the moral self-cultivation with the general harmony in state and society. "The Great Learning"(大学) and "Doctrine of the Mean"(中庸), "Analects of Confucius"(论语), and "Book of Mencius"(孟子) are also called "Four Books"(四书). After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "The Great Learning"(大学) became a official school textbook and required reading for imperial examinations, which had a great influence on ancient Chinese education.
In September 2000, visited the Confucian Temple (孔庙) in Beijing again and purchased 7 rubbings of "The Great Learning"(大学) for ¥3000, Each rubbing measures 140x68 centimeters.
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